Do the quotation marks come before or after the period?
When a comma or period is needed after a quotation, publishers in the United States typically put the punctuation mark before the closing quotation mark. The reason for this convention is to improve the appearance of the text. The convention goes back at least to the nineteenth century.
Does the footnote go after the period?
Where Does the Little Footnote Mark Go? Whenever possible, put the footnote at the end of a sentence, immediately following the period or whatever punctuation mark completes that sentence. Skip two spaces after the footnote before you begin the next sentence.
Do you put the parentheses before or after the period?
Period with Parentheses or Brackets - grammar In contrast, the period should fall outside the parentheses if only a part of the sentence is inside the parentheses. (APA, 2020, p. 272) Reference TIP: The period comes after the parenthesis in both APA and MLA format. The period should come after the parentheses.
Does a period or comma come before the footnote?
There are two rules to remember about punctuation and footnotes, but when it comes to commas, most of us get RULE 1 wrong. So pay attention to these rules. RULE 1: When footnotes are included in your publication, grant proposal, or other writing, any punctuation used must go BEFORE the footnote.
How to format footnotes in Word?
Where do you insert a footnote in a sentence?
Why do you use endnotes over footnotes?
What is endnote citation?
How to cite Dante's Divine Comedy?
What do you use for a p. and pp. citation?
Why do you add a running head to each page of a book?
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Chicago Style Footnotes | Citation Format & Examples - Scribbr
Chicago Style Footnotes | Citation Format & Examples. Published on September 18, 2019 by Jack Caulfield.Revised on July 22, 2022. The notes and bibliography style is one of two citation options provided by the Chicago Manual of Style.Each time a source is quoted or paraphrased, a superscript number is placed in the text, which corresponds to a footnote or endnote containing details of the source.
Placing footnote mark before or after punctuation?
However be careful in your paper somethings should be referenced or appendixes as opposed to foot marked as per se. References At the end of the report or paper (after the conclusions section or chapter), you include a reference list, in which you list all literature, to which you have referred to in your main text.
Chicago Style: Footnotes and Endnotes - Trent University
Trent University respectfully acknowledges it is located on the treaty and traditional territory of the Mississauga Anishinaabeg. We offer our gratitude to First Peoples for their care for, and teachings about, our earth and our relations. May we honour those teachings.
CHICAGO DOCUMENTATION STYLE: FOOTNOTES/ENDNOTES - University of Minnesota
CHICAGO DOCUMENTATION STYLE: FOOTNOTES/ENDNOTES Each academic discipline has its own expectations for style and documentation. Often, these disciplines rely on a broad system of guidelines that are determined by professional
Do footnoting superscripts go inside or outside punctuation?
When using superscripts to indicate a footnote, do these fall inside or outside adjacent punctuation? If there is an answer, is that answer applicable worldwide, or just to specific regions or
When to put footnotes after punctuation?
Place the footnote mark after the punctuation if the note is pertinent to the whole sentence, and before if it is only relevant to part of it.
Which method is correct for footnotes?
If you want the footnote reference to belong to the entire sentence, then the second method is correct. However, if you want the footnote to apply only to the word text, then the first is correct.
What is a footnote in Chicago style?
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) uses footnotes for citations. The footnote mark is placed before the punctuation and links to a reference 1.
Do references have to be in the main text?
Conversely, all references in the reference list should appear in the main text. The reference list is not a chapter, so it is not numbered. Just as the summary, the reference list is ordered in alphabetical order. For a correct formatting of the references in the main text and in the reference list, we refer to chapter 3.
Do footnotes have commas?
On the other hand, the Modern Language Association (MLA) only uses footnotes for directing the reader to other pertinent information, not for citations, 2 and they instruct authors to place the mark after any commas or full-stops (but before — dashes)
When deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes, what are the factors to consider?
When deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes, authors must consider three main factors: 1) the style guide being used (as some require the use of one or the other, 2) the number of notes being included (as having too many footnotes on each page can be distracting), and 3) which will be more convenient for the reader.
Why do you use footnotes sparingly?
To avoid cluttering the page and to improve your writing , you should use footnotes sparingly and only to provide helpful additions or citations. As previously noted, this information may be considered supplementary, which is why it's best to place it away from the main portion of your writing.
How to use footnotes in an essay?
To use footnotes in your own book, essay, or article, you must first decide on the most appropriate and logical placement of your footnotes in the text. Add numbers according to your chosen style guide, and be sure to add the numbers directly after the phrase, clause, or sentence to which the corresponding footnote refers.
How to add footnotes in Word 2013?
Here's how to use footnotes in Microsoft Word 2013: 1. Click on the place in the text where you want the first number to appear. 2. In the References tab, there is a Footnotes group. In that group, click the button that says Insert Footnote. 3.
What is a footnote in a text?
Footnotes are notes that are placed at the end of a page and used to reference parts of the text (generally using superscript numbers). Writers use footnotes for several purposes, including citations, parenthetical information, outside sources, copyright permissions, background information, and more.
What happens if you make footnotes excessive?
If your footnotes are excessive or unnecessary, readers are likely to become annoyed and may even be distracted from the main points of your writing. Now that you're no longer asking "What are footnotes?".
How to make a footnote citation?
To make a footnote citation, label the area of your text that you need to reference with a number (if it's your first footnote, start with "1."). At the bottom of the page, include this number with the citation. When readers see the number in the text, they know they can find the source by looking for the corresponding footnote.
How to format footnotes in Word?
One annoying feature about CMS is that it can be tricky to format your footnotes properly in Microsoft Word. Here’s what you’ll need to do: 1 Use Times New Roman font, size 12. 2 Indent the first line of each footnote one tab space. 3 Single space your footnotes, but add a space between each one. 4 Add a period behind the numbers that start the footnotes. 5 Change the format of the numbering in the footnotes so that the numbers are not in superscript.
Where do you insert a footnote in a sentence?
Footnotes are normally inserted at the end of a sentence or clause. In MS Word, go to References > Insert Footnote.
Why do you use endnotes over footnotes?
One reason to prefer endnotes over footnotes is that the latter can be a distraction from the body of your text. On the other hand, the downside to endnotes is that many readers don’t like flipping back and forth to compare the notes to the text. Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications.
What is endnote citation?
Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications. Most students can rely on using footnotes instead. Citations in endnotes follow the same rules as for footnotes. However, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends that for the sake of clarity writers are more cautious about using shortened citations (see above).
How to cite Dante's Divine Comedy?
Dante’s Divine Comedy, for instance is usually cited by canto and line number: 1, Dante, Inferno, canto 3, lines 7-8. 2. Dante, Inferno, 3.28-29. In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
What do you use for a p. and pp. citation?
In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
Why do you add a running head to each page of a book?
Finally, when using endnotes in a book it is customary to add a running head to each page (e.g., “notes to pages 77-79”) to make it easy for readers to match up the notes with the original citation.
