Footnotes should always come after a period or full stop when included at the end of a sentence. There is a bit of debate about this one, depending on the style guide used. The debate comes from footnoting specific words. For example: I did not go to The Bank 1 or The Cliff 2. Here, we are met with an interesting problem.
Does the superscript go after the period?
Superscript numbers are placed after quotation marks, commas and periods. They are placed before semicolons and colons. + If citing several studies, separate the superscripts by commas. + If citing sequential studies, use a dash to indicate the sequence.
Do endnotes go after the period?
The footnote/endnote begins with the same superscript number as the one that appears in the paper and is followed by a period. Footnotes/endnotes always include a specific page number or numbers where the cited information can be found. The first footnote/endnote to a source provides the full publishing information. For example: 1.
Do you put the parentheses before or after the period?
Period with Parentheses or Brackets - grammar In contrast, the period should fall outside the parentheses if only a part of the sentence is inside the parentheses. (APA, 2020, p. 272) Reference TIP: The period comes after the parenthesis in both APA and MLA format. The period should come after the parentheses.
Does a period or comma come before the footnote?
There are two rules to remember about punctuation and footnotes, but when it comes to commas, most of us get RULE 1 wrong. So pay attention to these rules. RULE 1: When footnotes are included in your publication, grant proposal, or other writing, any punctuation used must go BEFORE the footnote.
How to use footnotes in an essay?
How to add footnotes in Word 2013?
What is a footnote in a text?
What is the difference between CMS and Chicago?
What happens if you make footnotes excessive?
Why do you use footnotes sparingly?
How to make a footnote citation?
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Sample Paragraph with Footnotes and a Bibliography - Cal Poly
20 Sample Paragraph with Footnotes and a Bibliography In the field of music, we usually use the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) citation system (not MLA, APA, etc.); see the chart on the following pages for examples of how to format footnotes and bibliography entries for various kinds of items.
What Are Footnotes? - Plagiarism.org
Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it. For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your paragraph.
How to format footnotes in Word?
One annoying feature about CMS is that it can be tricky to format your footnotes properly in Microsoft Word. Here’s what you’ll need to do: 1 Use Times New Roman font, size 12. 2 Indent the first line of each footnote one tab space. 3 Single space your footnotes, but add a space between each one. 4 Add a period behind the numbers that start the footnotes. 5 Change the format of the numbering in the footnotes so that the numbers are not in superscript.
What is the Chicago Manual of Style?
The Chicago Manual of Style (17 th ed.) recommends using footnotes or endnotes to cite your sources. Our primary focus will be on the rules for footnotes, but we will provide some guidance for endnotes as well.
Why do you use endnotes over footnotes?
One reason to prefer endnotes over footnotes is that the latter can be a distraction from the body of your text. On the other hand, the downside to endnotes is that many readers don’t like flipping back and forth to compare the notes to the text. Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications.
What is endnote citation?
Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications. Most students can rely on using footnotes instead. Citations in endnotes follow the same rules as for footnotes. However, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends that for the sake of clarity writers are more cautious about using shortened citations (see above).
How to cite Dante's Divine Comedy?
Dante’s Divine Comedy, for instance is usually cited by canto and line number: 1, Dante, Inferno, canto 3, lines 7-8. 2. Dante, Inferno, 3.28-29. In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
What do you use for a p. and pp. citation?
In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
Why do you add a running head to each page of a book?
Finally, when using endnotes in a book it is customary to add a running head to each page (e.g., “notes to pages 77-79”) to make it easy for readers to match up the notes with the original citation.
Why do we need bibliographic notes?
Bibliographic notes can help readers keep their focus by decluttering text. Some common uses of bibliographic notes are:
What is an endnote in a text?
You can also use endnotes/footnotes for occasional explanatory notes (also known as content notes), which refer to brief additional information that might be too digressive for the main text:
How to write notes in MLA?
Notes in MLA format are typically indicated in-text by superscript Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, …) after the punctuation mark of the phrase or clause to which the note refers. Whenever possible, place the superscript numbers at the end of sentences. Keep in mind that word processing programs will likely style note numbers in the text and notes section as superscript by default.
What is the MLA style?
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
How many spaces are in Arabic endnotes?
The first line of each endnote is indented five spaces, and subsequent lines are flush with the left margin. Place a period and a space after each endnote number, and then provide the appropriate note after the space.
What accent does Marquis de Lafayette use?
Marquis de Lafayette uses a stereotypical White American accent to say the word “anarchy.”²
Why is it important to justify the scope of a study?
Justifying the scope of your study can help readers better understand what to expect from reading your work by specifically pointing to what will or will not be explored, and why.
How to use footnotes in an essay?
To use footnotes in your own book, essay, or article, you must first decide on the most appropriate and logical placement of your footnotes in the text. Add numbers according to your chosen style guide, and be sure to add the numbers directly after the phrase, clause, or sentence to which the corresponding footnote refers.
How to add footnotes in Word 2013?
Here's how to use footnotes in Microsoft Word 2013: 1. Click on the place in the text where you want the first number to appear. 2. In the References tab, there is a Footnotes group. In that group, click the button that says Insert Footnote. 3.
What is a footnote in a text?
Footnotes are notes that are placed at the end of a page and used to reference parts of the text (generally using superscript numbers). Writers use footnotes for several purposes, including citations, parenthetical information, outside sources, copyright permissions, background information, and more.
What is the difference between CMS and Chicago?
Of the major style guides, The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) uses footnotes most often. However, footnotes are occasionally employed in other style guides as well. The main difference is that, while CMS uses footnotes for citation purposes, the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) ...
What happens if you make footnotes excessive?
If your footnotes are excessive or unnecessary, readers are likely to become annoyed and may even be distracted from the main points of your writing. Now that you're no longer asking "What are footnotes?".
Why do you use footnotes sparingly?
To avoid cluttering the page and to improve your writing , you should use footnotes sparingly and only to provide helpful additions or citations. As previously noted, this information may be considered supplementary, which is why it's best to place it away from the main portion of your writing.
How to make a footnote citation?
To make a footnote citation, label the area of your text that you need to reference with a number (if it's your first footnote, start with "1."). At the bottom of the page, include this number with the citation. When readers see the number in the text, they know they can find the source by looking for the corresponding footnote.
