Should there a period after al in et al?
The “al” in “et al.” is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “et alia”—the period indicates that it is an abbreviation: “Et al.” may be directly followed by other punctuation where necessary, but the period always comes first:
Is there a period after et al?
“Et al.” is written as two words, with the “al” always followed by a period. The period is to indicate that the term is an abbreviation. etal. “Et al.” may be directly followed by other punctuation where necessary, but the period always comes first: When “et al.” comes right at the end of a sentence, only one period is used:
What does et al mean in APA style?
The term ‘‘et al.’’ is the abbreviated form of the Latin term ‘‘et alia,’’ which means ‘‘and others.’’. It is used in academic in-text citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. In APA style, for a source with three or more authors, list the first author’s last name and “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation.
Does APA use et al?
The acronym “et al.” is an abbreviation for the Latin term ‘‘et alia,’’ meaning ‘‘and others’’ and is used in academic in-text citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Depending on the number of authors a reference has, an APA in-text citation is abbreviated by using “et al.” after the first author’s last name.
What does "et al" mean?
Is "et al" a period?
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Does et al have a period and comma?
Remember that there is no comma between the surname and "et al.," and the period goes only after the "al." The English translation of "et al." is "and others."
Is there a dot after et al?
Should a period come after et al.? Because et al. is an abbreviation of the longer Latin phrase, masculine (et alii), feminine (et aliae), or neuter (et alia), it is usually followed by a period, but some styles will omit the period.
How do you punctuate et al?
14-23. This is because the abbreviation stands for “and others,” and you should use it just as you would the phrase: The article was written by Liu Chang and others. For the same reason, a comma is also not used before et al.
Do I put two periods after et al?
itself includes and. Second, never put a period after the first word in et al. because et is a complete Latin word meaning and — it's not an abbreviation. But always put a period after al because it's the abbreviation for the different forms of the Latin word meaning others (alii, alius, alia, or aliae).
How do you write et al in an email example?
in an Email. Use it in an email greeting by saying, “Dear Mr. Smith et al.,” when there is more than one recipient. For punctuation, always follow the abbreviation with a period since it's short for “et alia” or “and others.”
How do you write et al in a literature review?
In all cases, you should use the last name of the first author followed by “et al.” in your in-text citation. For a paper written by Henderson, Watts, and Kirkland, the MLA citation would look like this: Peanut butter is a rich source of protein (Henderson, et al. 328).
How do you write et al in Harvard?
In the citation, if a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase “et al.” Example citations: It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2011). Jones et al.
How do you write et al in APA 7th edition?
APA 7th ed. in-text citations for works with three or more authors include only the first author name and “et al.” (which means “and others” in Latin) is used in all citations, including the first in-text citation: (Smith et al., 2019). Smith et al.
Is there a comma before et al Chicago?
[16th ed.] author is included, followed by et al. with no intervening comma.
Is the period after et al italicized?
Latin and italics: “et al.” is not italicized or underlined (van Leunen, p. 27: “Write it without either underlining or italics.”; Chicago Manual of Style 7.56: “Commonly used Latin words and abbreviations should not be italicized.
How do you pluralize et al?
You may have seen it, but it's time to find out what et al. means and how to use it. Et al. is an abbreviation for et alia (neuter plural). But it can also be an abbreviation for et alii (masculine plural), or et aliae (feminine plural).
Do you put a period after abbreviations?
In American English, we always put a period after an abbreviation; it doesn't matter whether the abbreviation is the first two letters of the word (as in Dr. for Drive) or the first and last letter (as in Dr. for Doctor).
How do you write et al in APA 7th edition?
APA 7th ed. in-text citations for works with three or more authors include only the first author name and “et al.” (which means “and others” in Latin) is used in all citations, including the first in-text citation: (Smith et al., 2019). Smith et al.
How do you write et al in-text Harvard?
In the citation, if a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase “et al.” Example citations: It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2011). Jones et al.
How do you cite multiple authors in APA in-text?
APA in-text citations with multiple authors If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.
How do you cite two authors in APA 7th edition?
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.
What is the meaning of et al.?
Before we get into the nitty-gritty details, it helps to first understand the literal meaning of the phrase. That way, you'll know exactly what you're saying when you use the term.
When to use et al in MLA?
Similarly, MLA uses et al. when citing a work by more than three authors. Again, you should provide the first author's last name, followed by et al. Here's an example:
Where should I put the period?
One important thing to remember is that, no matter what, "et" is never followed by a period. Only "al" is followed by a period. That means that "et al." is the only proper spelling of the phrase.
Why is Chicago Manual of Style different?
The Chicago Manual of Style varies slightly in terms of formatting. This is because Chicago allows for the use of either footnotes or in-text citations. Think that excuses you from using et al. correctly? As if!
When dealing with a work by three to five authors in APA format, do you use the first author's?
When dealing with a work by three to five authors in APA format, use the first author's last name in the signal phrase or parentheses, followed by et al. For example:
When to use et al in Chicago style?
Remember that Chicago style always uses et al. when referring to four or more authors, just as we have previously seen in APA style.
Where does the word "et al" come from?
The phrase "et al." is derived from the Latin phrase et alia, meaning and others. The most common way you'll see et al. used in academic papers is in references, both for in-text citations and in the reference list.
What does "et al" mean?
Et al. is an abbreviation of the Latin loanphrase et alii, meaning and others. It is similar to etc. (short for et cetera, meaning and the rest ), but whereas etc. applies to things, et al. applies to people.
Do you italicize "et al"?
Et al. does not need to be italicized in normal use. It does take a period after the second word, even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. In general, et al. is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing.
Is it better to use a comma before "et al"?
It can sound unnatural when read aloud, so an unabbreviated English equivalent is often better in less formal writing. The issue of whether to place a comma before et al. is complicated, but you’ll be fine if you treat it as you would the words and others.
What does "et al" mean in citations?
Revised on February 26, 2021. “Et al.” is short for the Latin term “et alia,” meaning “and others.”. It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors: Hulme et al. (2019) argue that ….
When to use "et al" in MLA?
In MLA style, always use “et al.” for sources with three or more authors. This applies both to in-text citations and in the Works Cited list.
What edition of APA does "et al" apply to?
The rules above apply to the 7th edition of the APA manual. If you’re instructed to follow the 6th edition, the use of “et al.” is slightly different.
Is "et al" punctuated?
Punctuation. The “al” in “et al.” is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “et alia”—the period indicates that it is an abbreviation: et al. et. al. et. al.
When to use et al?
When people cite the work of you and your friends, they would likely use et al., especially in formal writing such as term papers and on works cited pages. Here are two examples, one in-text mention of a publication and another from a works cited page:
What does "et al" mean?
Et al. is an abbreviation for et alia (neuter plural). But it can also be an abbreviation for et alii (masculine plural), or et aliae (feminine plural). This phrase means “and others.”. Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.”.
Why is there a period after "al"?
Why is there a period after the “al” of “et al.?” Remember, al. is short for alia and its various forms. The period indicates that it is an abbreviation . On the other hand, et is the full form of the Latin word meaning “and,” so no period is necessary after that word. Despite its Latin origins, you don’t need italics when et al. is part of a list. After all, it has been a part of the English language since the 1800s.
What does "etc" mean in a list?
Etc. is common in formal and informal writing. You will most often see et al. in bibliographic lists. Etc. is short for “et cetera,” which is a Latin phrase that means “and the rest.”. Use etc. when you’re writing a list of things:
How to punctuate "et al" in a sentence?
What about et al. in a sentence? How do you punctuate it? Just write the sentence as you normally would. Besides the period, et al. doesn’t require any special punctuation. However, if you are writing a term paper, there are some usage rules you should know for in-text citations. Let’s consult the APA Style Blog: 1 Don’t use et al. unless there are more than two authors. 2 For references with three to five authors, list all the authors in the first citation of the work, but abbreviate using the name of the first author and et al. for any additional citations of the same work. 3 For references with more than six authors, cite using the first author’s name plus et al. for all of the in-text citations.
What is an et alibi?
An alibi is a piece of evidence that shows a suspect of a crime was elsewhere when the crime happened. So, it’s not hard to remember that et alibi means “and elsewhere.”. Mainly, et alibi refers to other locations that will not appear in a list.
Do you need to punctuate et al?
Just write the sentence as you normally would. Besides the period, et al. doesn’t require any special punctuation. However, if you are writing a term paper, there are some usage rules you should know for in-text citations. Let’s consult the APA Style Blog: Don’t use et al. unless there are more than two authors.
How do you say ET in Latin?
It’s pronounced et to brutay. I’m thinking that you’ve heard it the other way for one of two reasons. One, the actor playing Caesar is trying not to spit in Brutus’ face. Et is the wined up, and tu is the pitch.
Why is Et tu Brute important?
The phrase “Et tu, Brute?” (“You too, Brutus?”) is associated with the Roman general and ruler Julius Caesar. He purportedly said this as he was being assassinated, uttering it upon seeing that Marcus Junius Brutus, a man whom he had trusted, was among his assassins.
Does et al need a period?
The “al” in “et al.” is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “et alia”—the period indicates that it is an abbreviation: et al. et.
Do you use periods after "et al"?
1. This really depends on the publisher's style guide. If the style calls for the use of periods after "et al." or other such expressions, then you should use them, independent of whether the reference forces an additional period. if the guidelines don't ask for one, don't use it. Share.
Is "et al." a period?
Since "et al." is an abbreviation of the latin et alii meaning "and others" the period in "et al." should be treated as periods in any other abbreviation such as "cf.", "Op. Cit.", "conf.", "c.".
Is there a period after "et al."?
Since "et al." is an abbreviation of the latin et alii meaning "and others" the period in "et al." should be treated as periods in any other abbreviation such as "cf.", "Op. Cit.", "conf.", "c.". In most cases of which I am aware periods are shown after abbreviations but I am not a stranger to styles where the period after abbreviations are ignored. So my bet is that "et al.
What does et alia mean?
Because et alia means "and other things," it would not be used to refer to people (as far as I know). Et alii is in the masculine plural, which can be used for groups of males or mixed groups of males and females. Et aliae is the feminine plural and can be used only for groups composed solely of females.
When to use first author citation?
1. Writers sometimes use the surname of the first author followed by et al. at the first mention of a work that has three, four, or five authors. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention.
When to use first author followed by et al?
Here are three common errors: 1. Writers sometimes use the surname of the first author followed by et al. at the first mention of a work that has three, four, or five authors. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al.
Is "et al" italicized?
However, it should not be italicized when you are using it as part of a reference. We also see et al without the period at the end. Because et al. is short for et alii (Latin for “and others”), the second word is actually an abbreviation and as such takes a period.
What does "et al" mean?
could be an abbreviation for et alii, et aliae or et alia when referring to masculine, feminine or gender neutral groups respectively.
Is "et al" a period?
Active Oldest Votes. 5. Yes, it should always be accompanied by a period. Since et al. is the abbreviation of and others, where et al. could be an abbreviation for et alii, et aliae or et alia when referring to masculine, feminine or gender neutral groups respectively. Share.
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- Chicago style has two systems of citation: notes and bibliography, and author-date style. The use of “et al.” is the same in both styles. For sources with one, two, or three authors, list all author names in your in-text citations (whether footnotes or author-date). For sources with four or more authors, use the first name followed by “et al.” In y...
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- Why is there a periodafter the “al” of “et al.?” Remember, al. is short for alia and its various forms. The period indicates that it is an abbreviation. On the other hand, et is the full form of the Latin word meaning “and,” so no period is necessary after that word. Despite its Latin origins, you don’t need italicswhen et al. is part of a list. Af...
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