Does the superscript go after the period?
Superscript numbers are placed after quotation marks, commas and periods. They are placed before semicolons and colons. + If citing several studies, separate the superscripts by commas. + If citing sequential studies, use a dash to indicate the sequence.
Do endnotes go after the period?
The footnote/endnote begins with the same superscript number as the one that appears in the paper and is followed by a period. Footnotes/endnotes always include a specific page number or numbers where the cited information can be found. The first footnote/endnote to a source provides the full publishing information. For example: 1.
Are footnotes before or after period?
When a footnote must be placed at the end of a sentence, add the number after the period. 2 Numbers denoting footnotes should always appear after punctuation, with the exception of one piece of punctuation 3 —the dash. Like MLA, APA discourages the use of footnotes unless absolutely necessary.
Do you put the parentheses before or after the period?
Period with Parentheses or Brackets - grammar In contrast, the period should fall outside the parentheses if only a part of the sentence is inside the parentheses. (APA, 2020, p. 272) Reference TIP: The period comes after the parenthesis in both APA and MLA format. The period should come after the parentheses.
When should a footnote be after a comment?
What is a footnote in a book?
What is a footnote in a sentence?
Where to place period in quotation marks?
Where should a note number be placed?
What is the difference between a bibliography and an endnote?
Why is the main text of a publication annotated?
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Sentence-final footnotes: before or after the period? (Proofreading ...
Footnote callouts should appear after terminal punctuation. If they fall in the middle of a sentence (CMS suggests you wait until the end of the clause at the very least, and preferable the end of the sentence), it should still follow any punctuation (such as a colon or semi-colon) except a dash, which the callout should precede.
If I insert a footnote (e.g. [1]), should it go before or after a colon?
Answer (1 of 2): According to the Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.): > A note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run into the text or set as an extract). Relative to other punctuation, the...
Placing footnote mark before or after punctuation?
However be careful in your paper somethings should be referenced or appendixes as opposed to foot marked as per se. References At the end of the report or paper (after the conclusions section or chapter), you include a reference list, in which you list all literature, to which you have referred to in your main text.
Do footnoting superscripts go inside or outside punctuation?
When using superscripts to indicate a footnote, do these fall inside or outside adjacent punctuation? If there is an answer, is that answer applicable worldwide, or just to specific regions or
typography - Footnote/Endnote references before or after punctuation ...
Simple question: what's the convention (or, if there's disagreement, guiding principles) for where to place reference, footnote and endnote numbers that apply to a clause leading up to a punctuatio...
writing - Footnote marks at end of a sentence - English Language ...
Noldorin and SabreWolfy have logical answers, but in the world of typesetting, logic is not respected. At least in the field of scientific publishing, where footnotes and references are common, publishers tend to have very strict guidelines about where they want the marks.
Why do you use footnotes sparingly?
To avoid cluttering the page and to improve your writing , you should use footnotes sparingly and only to provide helpful additions or citations. As previously noted, this information may be considered supplementary, which is why it's best to place it away from the main portion of your writing.
When deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes, what are the factors to consider?
When deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes, authors must consider three main factors: 1) the style guide being used (as some require the use of one or the other, 2) the number of notes being included (as having too many footnotes on each page can be distracting), and 3) which will be more convenient for the reader.
How to use footnotes in an essay?
To use footnotes in your own book, essay, or article, you must first decide on the most appropriate and logical placement of your footnotes in the text. Add numbers according to your chosen style guide, and be sure to add the numbers directly after the phrase, clause, or sentence to which the corresponding footnote refers.
How to add footnotes in Word 2013?
Here's how to use footnotes in Microsoft Word 2013: 1. Click on the place in the text where you want the first number to appear. 2. In the References tab, there is a Footnotes group. In that group, click the button that says Insert Footnote. 3.
What is a footnote in a text?
Footnotes are notes that are placed at the end of a page and used to reference parts of the text (generally using superscript numbers). Writers use footnotes for several purposes, including citations, parenthetical information, outside sources, copyright permissions, background information, and more.
What happens if you make footnotes excessive?
If your footnotes are excessive or unnecessary, readers are likely to become annoyed and may even be distracted from the main points of your writing. Now that you're no longer asking "What are footnotes?".
How to make a footnote citation?
To make a footnote citation, label the area of your text that you need to reference with a number (if it's your first footnote, start with "1."). At the bottom of the page, include this number with the citation. When readers see the number in the text, they know they can find the source by looking for the corresponding footnote.
Why do you use endnotes over footnotes?
One reason to prefer endnotes over footnotes is that the latter can be a distraction from the body of your text. On the other hand, the downside to endnotes is that many readers don’t like flipping back and forth to compare the notes to the text. Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications.
Where do you insert a footnote in a sentence?
Footnotes are normally inserted at the end of a sentence or clause. In MS Word, go to References > Insert Footnote.
How to format footnotes in Word?
One annoying feature about CMS is that it can be tricky to format your footnotes properly in Microsoft Word. Here’s what you’ll need to do: 1 Use Times New Roman font, size 12. 2 Indent the first line of each footnote one tab space. 3 Single space your footnotes, but add a space between each one. 4 Add a period behind the numbers that start the footnotes. 5 Change the format of the numbering in the footnotes so that the numbers are not in superscript.
What is endnote citation?
Endnotes are primarily used for books and select scholarly publications. Most students can rely on using footnotes instead. Citations in endnotes follow the same rules as for footnotes. However, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends that for the sake of clarity writers are more cautious about using shortened citations (see above).
How to cite Dante's Divine Comedy?
Dante’s Divine Comedy, for instance is usually cited by canto and line number: 1, Dante, Inferno, canto 3, lines 7-8. 2. Dante, Inferno, 3.28-29. In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
What do you use for a p. and pp. citation?
In such complex citations you can use the abbreviations p. and pp. (for page and pages ), but do write out line and lines.
Why do you add a running head to each page of a book?
Finally, when using endnotes in a book it is customary to add a running head to each page (e.g., “notes to pages 77-79”) to make it easy for readers to match up the notes with the original citation.
When do you need a note for a translation?
To flag editions and translations used. Editions and translations usually require a note only when more than one edition or translation is cited. This can be done by placing a note in the text where the work is first referenced. Alternatively, an initial and unnumbered note may be created.
What is an endnote in a text?
You can also use endnotes/footnotes for occasional explanatory notes (also known as content notes), which refer to brief additional information that might be too digressive for the main text:
Why do we need bibliographic notes?
Bibliographic notes can help readers keep their focus by decluttering text. Some common uses of bibliographic notes are:
How to write notes in MLA?
Notes in MLA format are typically indicated in-text by superscript Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, …) after the punctuation mark of the phrase or clause to which the note refers. Whenever possible, place the superscript numbers at the end of sentences. Keep in mind that word processing programs will likely style note numbers in the text and notes section as superscript by default.
How many spaces are in Arabic endnotes?
The first line of each endnote is indented five spaces, and subsequent lines are flush with the left margin. Place a period and a space after each endnote number, and then provide the appropriate note after the space.
Where should the note number be placed?
If a note number must be placed somewhere other than at the end of a sentence or a sentence requires more than one note, the note number should be placed in the least distracting unambiguous spot. For instance:
Do you use asterisks in footnotes?
Do not use asterisks (*), angle brackets (>), or other symbols for note references. The list of endnotes and footnotes (either of which, for papers submitted for publication, should be listed on a separate page, as indicated below) should correspond to the note references in the text. Do not use the abbreviation ibid. in a note to refer readers to the information provided in the note right above it.
When should a footnote be after a comment?
If the footnote is a comment or extension of the text, it should be immediately after the text it comments upon or extends, for the same reason.
What is a footnote in a book?
A footnote is an informative note at the bottom of a page of a publication that is provided to clarify, expand upon, or otherwise support a portion of the text on the page above it, which portion is designated at its end by a superscripted number (or letter) corresponding to the numbering of the footnote.
What is a footnote in a sentence?
Footnotes can refer to entire sentences, paragraphs, or even larger blocks of text, particularly large blocks of quoted text. It’s up to you to figure out where the thing being footnoted ends and place the footnote there.
Where to place period in quotation marks?
In British English the convention is to place the period, or full stop, within the quotation marks only if it forms part of the quotation, otherwise it should be placed outside. The linguist Geoff Pullum (born in Britain, but lecturing in linguistics in American universities since the 1980s) gives these examples in his article Punctuation and Human Free
Where should a note number be placed?
A note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run into the text or set as an extract). Relative to other punctuation, the number follows any punctuation mark except for the dash, which it precedes.
What is the difference between a bibliography and an endnote?
The difference between a bibliography and endnotes is that the former typically lists only publications (books, papers, articles, etc.) while the latter can also include additional clarifying or explanatory material. Related Answer. Jim Wayne.
Why is the main text of a publication annotated?
The main text of the publication may be annotated to indicate which item in the bibliography is being referred to (this is the typical style for Wikipedia articles). Bibliographies apply to the entirety of the publication.
