what is a group on a periodic table

What do the groups of the periodic table tell us?

The group number tells you the total number of electrons present in the outermost orbit of an atom. In other words, group number tells you the number of valence electrons of an atom. For example, Let us consider group 1 of the Periodic table. Group 1 indicates that the elements lying in that group have only 1 electron in its outermost orbit.

What are the groups and families on the periodic table?

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods. Group (family): A vertical column in the periodic table.

What does the group number on the periodic table represent?

The group number tells you the total number of electrons present in the outermost orbit of an atom. In other words, group number tells you the number of valence electrons of an atom. For example, Let us consider group 1 of the Periodic table. Group 1 indicates that the elements lying in that group have only 1 electron in its outermost orbit.

What does group and period represent in the periodic table?

Groups and periods are two ways of categorizing elements in the periodic table. Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table, while groups are vertical columns (down) the table. Atomic number increases as you move down a group or across a period. Thereof, what does group number in periodic table mean?

What does a group in a periodic table?

group, in chemistry, a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. In a group, the chemical elements have atoms with identical valence electron counts and identical valence vacancy counts.

What are group and period in the periodic table?

The columns of the periodic table are called groups. Members of the same group in the table have the same number of electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms and form bonds of the same type. The horizontal rows are called periods.

What you mean by group?

Definition of group (Entry 1 of 2) 1 : two or more figures forming a complete unit in a composition went there as a group. 2a : a number of individuals assembled together or having some unifying relationship a study group. b : an assemblage of objects regarded as a unit one of the food groups.

What is difference between group and period?

Groups and periods are two ways of categorizing elements in the periodic table. Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table, while groups are vertical columns (down) the table. Atomic number increases as you move down a group or across a period.

How many groups are there in the periodic table?

Groups are the vertical columns on the periodic table. There are total 18 vertical columns on periodic table. Hence there are 18 groups. The elements lying in the same groups show similar chemical properties and they also have same number of valence electrons.

What is the oxygen group on the periodic table?

Oxygen group is the group 16 on the periodic table.

What is the first group of elements in the periodic table?

Group 1: Alkali metals group. Alkali metals group is the very first group (group 1) on the periodic table. The elements included in the Alkali metals group are; Lithium (Li)

Why are the elements in the bottom two rows of the periodic table included in group 3?

The elements in the two bottom rows of the periodic table are also included in these groups. They are placed in the two separate rows at the bottom because they show few different properties. Actually, the elements in the bottom rows are the extension of group 3 only. So they are included in group 3. But as these elements have few different ...

What is an example of group 18?

Example of group 18. All the elements of group 18 are chemically inert (that means they do not easily react with other elements). And all the elements of group 18 have a complete octet (that means they have 8 electrons in their outer shell).

Which group is alkaline earth metals?

Alkaline earth metals are the group 2 elements on the periodic table.

Can you find every detail of an interactive periodic table?

You can effortlessly find every single detail about the elements from this single Interactive Periodic table.

What are element families and element groups?

For the most part, element families and element groups are the same things. Both describe elements that share common properties, usually based on the number of valence electrons. Usually, either family or group refers to one or more columns of the periodic table.

What is an element family?

Element families are elements that have the same number of valence electrons. Most element families are a single column of the periodic table, although the transition elements consist of several columns, plus the elements located below the main body of the table. An example of an element family is the nitrogen group or pnictogens.

How many valence electrons does a halogen have?

The halogens have 7 valence electrons, while the noble gasses have 8 valence electrons (or 0, depending on how you look at it).

Do element groups always have the same number of valence electrons?

Element groups, defined this way, do not always have the same number of valence electrons. For example, the halogens and noble gasses are distinct element groups, yet they also belong to the larger group of nonmetals.

What is the difference between periodic table groups and periods?

Periodic Table Groups and Periods. A periodic table group is a column, while a periodic table period is a row. Groups and periods organize elements on the periodic table of the elements. A group is a vertical column down the periodic table, while a period is a horizontal row across the table. Both groups and periods reflect the organization ...

How many periods are there in the periodic table?

Elements within a period display periodic table trends, moving from left to right, involving atomic and ionic radius, electronegativity, There are seven element periods. Some periods contain more elements than others because the number of included elements depends on the number of electrons allowed in an energy sublevel.

What are the elements that chemists classify?

These groups go by the names alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, basic metals, nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides.

How many valence electrons are in group 17?

For example, elements in group 1 have 1 valence electron, elements in groups 3-12 have a variable number of valence electrons, and elements in group 17 have 7 valence electrons. The lanthanides and actinides, located below the main table, all fit within group 3.

How does the atomic number of an element increase?

Element atomic number increases as you move down a group from top to bottom or across a period from left to right. An element group is a vertical column on the periodic table. Atoms in a group share the same number of valence electrons. An element period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. Atoms in a period have the same number ...

What are the different types of nonmetals?

The nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases are all types of nonmetals. The metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. The alkali metals, alkaline earths, lanthanides, actinides, transition metals, and basic metals are all groups of metals.

Why is the periodic table useful?

One reason the periodic table of the elements is so useful is that it is a means of arranging elements according to their similar properties. This is what is meant by periodicity or periodic table trends . There are multiple ways of grouping the elements, but they are commonly divided into metals, semimetals (metalloids), and nonmetals.

What are the different types of elements?

There are multiple ways of grouping the elements, but they are commonly divided into metals, semimetals (metalloids), and nonmetals. You'll find more specific groups, like transition metals, rare earths, alkali metals, alkaline earth, halogens, and noble gasses.

What is the intermediate between metals and nonmetals?

Electronegativity and ionization energy intermediate between that of metals and nonmetals

What are the physical properties of halogens?

The halogens exhibit different physical properties from each other but do share chemical properties. Extremely high electronegativity. Very reactive. Seven valence electrons, so elements from this group typically exhibit a -1 oxidation state.

Is lanthanide a transition metal?

The lanthanides (rare earth) and actinides are also transition metals. The basic metals are similar to transition metals but tend to be softer and to hint at nonmetallic properties. In their pure state, all of these elements tend to have a shiny, metallic appearance.

Is halogen a metal?

The halogens and noble gases are nonmetals, although they have their own groups, too.

Do noble gases have valence electron shells?

The noble gasses have complete valence electron shells, so they act differently. Unlike other groups, noble gasses are unreactive and have very low electronegativity or electron affinity.

Who created the periodic table?

The creator of the periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1869 began collecting and sorting known properties of elements, like he was playing a game, while traveling by train.

Can periodic table games be used for grade?

The periodic table game available on this page is for entertainment purposes only, and should not be used to grade students on their knowledge of chemical elements.

Does the Modern Periodic Table Change? If So, How and Who Does That?

The periodic table as we know it today is managed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC (eye-you-pack).

How does the periodic table organize the elements?

The classic Periodic Table organizes the chemical elements according to the number of protons that each has in its atomic nucleus. (Image credit: Karl Tate, Livescience.com contributor)

Which group of the periodic table is alkaline earth metals in?

Alkaline-earth metals: The alkaline-earth metals make up Group 2 of the periodic table, from beryllium (Be) through radium (Ra). Each of these elements has two electrons in its outermost energy level, which makes the alkaline earths reactive enough that they're rarely found alone in nature. But they're not as reactive as the alkali metals. Their chemical reactions typically occur more slowly and produce less heat compared to the alkali metals.

What are the groups of metals that are radioactive?

All are radioactive. The actinides and the lanthanides together form a group called the inner transition metals. Transition metals: Returning to the main body of the table, the remainder of Groups 3 through 12 represent the rest of the transition metals.

What are the elements in the actinides?

Actinides: The actinides line the bottom row of the island and comprise elements 89, actinium (Ac), through 103, lawrencium (Lr). Of these elements, only thorium (Th) and uranium (U) occur naturally on Earth in substantial amounts. All are radioactive. The actinides and the lanthanides together form a group called the inner transition metals.

What is table salt?

The table salt in your kitchen, for example, is a marriage between the alkali metal sodium and the halogen chlorine. Noble gases: Colorless, odorless and almost completely nonreactive, the inert, or noble gases round out the table in Group 18.

How many elements were there at the time of Mendeleev?

There were only about 60 elements known at the time, but Mendeleev realized that when the elements were organized by weight, certain types of elements occurred in regular intervals, or periods. Today, 150 years later, chemists officially recognize 118 elements (after the addition of four newcomers in 2016) and still use Mendeleev's periodic table ...

Why is the period of sodium longer?

Moving down the table, periods are longer because it takes more electrons to fill the larger and more complex outer levels. The columns of the table represent groups, or families, of elements.