What group on the periodic table does fluorine belong to?
The halogens are located on the left of the noble gases on the periodic table. These five toxic, non-metallic elements make up Group 17 of the periodic table and consist of: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Click to read further detail.
What is the least interesting element on the periodic table?
Thulium is among the most obscure elements in the periodic table. It has very few applications. Some people consider it the most useless of all naturally occurring elements, though others will rush to its defense. Scroll down to see examples of Thulium.
Why is tellurium placed before iodine in the periodic table?
Explanation: The most likely reason why Mendeleev placed tellurium before iodine is because Mendeleev observed that tellurium has chemical properties like other elements in its group, and he did not know that neutrons cause the greater atomic mass. What is wrong with the arrangement of tellurium and iodine in terms of their relative atomic masses?
What are facts about fluorine?
Interesting facts about fluorine (F).
- Fluorine is the most receptive and most electronegative of all the chemical elements. The elements with which it doesn't respond are oxygen, helium, neon, and argon. ...
- Fluorine is the thirteenth most abundant component in the Earth's crust. ...
- It is reactive in nature, storing fluorine is tough. ...
- There is just a single stable isotope of fluorine, F-19.
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What are 5 things fluorine is used for?
It is found as fluoride in toothpaste and drinking water, in Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), drugs including the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil, and etchant hydrofluoric acid. It is used in refrigerants (chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs), propellants, and for the enrichment of uranium by UF6 gas.
What is the main use of fluorine?
Fluorine is critical for the production of nuclear material for nuclear power plants and for the insulation of electric towers. Hydrogen fluoride, a compound of fluorine, is used to etch glass. Fluorine, like Teflon, is used to make plastics and is also important in dental health.
What type of element is a fluorine?
halogen elementsfluorine (F), most reactive chemical element and the lightest member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. Its chemical activity can be attributed to its extreme ability to attract electrons (it is the most electronegative element) and to the small size of its atoms.
Is fluorine a metal?
It is a nonmetal, and is one of the few elements that can form diatomic molecules (F2). It has 5 valence electrons in the 2p level.
What are 5 interesting facts about fluorine?
Interesting facts about fluorine (F).Fluorine is the most receptive and most electronegative of all the chemical elements. ... Fluorine is the thirteenth most abundant component in the Earth's crust. ... It is reactive in nature, storing fluorine is tough. ... There is just a single stable isotope of fluorine, F-19.
Is fluorine toxic?
Fluorine gas is very irritating and very dangerous to the eyes, skin, and lungs. Fluorine gas at low concentrations makes your eyes and nose hurt. At higher concentrations, it becomes hard to breathe. Exposure to high concentrations of fluorine can cause death due to lung damage.
What is fluorine found in?
1886Fluorine / Discovered
Why fluorine is the most reactive element?
Fluorine is the lightest halogen element and the most reactive chemical element. Because of its great propensity to attract electrons and the small size of its atoms, it has high chemical activity.
What properties does fluorine have?
Fluorine is the most reactive and the most electronegative of all the elements. Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor. It is the lightest halogen. It reacts violently with water to produce oxygen and the extremely corrosive hydrofluoric acid.
Why is fluorine a nonmetal?
Halogens come under the category of non-metals. From the electronic configuration we see that, fluorine atom contains 7 electrons in its outermost shell. The outermost shell of fluorine is 2s and 2p.
What color is fluorine?
yellowSUMMARY Moissan's observation, that fluorine gas is yellow, has been confirmed. At an early stage in their studies, all chemistry students are taught that fluorine is yellow or greenish-yellow in colour [1,2] .
Is fluorine used in toothpaste?
Most toothpastes now contain fluoride, and most people get their fluoride this way. Fluoride toothpaste is very effective in preventing tooth decay. The amount of fluoride in toothpaste is usually enough to reduce decay.
Where is fluorine in everyday life?
Small amounts of fluorine are naturally present in water, air, plants and animals. As a result humans are exposed to fluorine through food and drinking water and by breathing air. Fluorine can be found in any kind of food in relatively small quantities. Large quantities of fluorine can be found in tea and shellfish.
Is fluorine used in toothpaste?
Most toothpastes now contain fluoride, and most people get their fluoride this way. Fluoride toothpaste is very effective in preventing tooth decay. The amount of fluoride in toothpaste is usually enough to reduce decay.
What products contain fluorine?
Here are a few fluoride-rich foods you now have a new excuse to enjoy.Spinach. Popeye's favorite superfood, spinach is packed with all kinds of great vitamins and minerals, and fluoride is among them. ... Grapes, Raisins, and Wine. ... Black Tea. ... Potatoes.
What household items have fluorine?
Now we use fluorine in refrigerators, toothpaste, and rocket fuels. Located in the second period of the table (row 2), fluorine is the first element in the family of halogen gases. Fluorine is a yellowish gas at room temperature and is very dangerous.
Where is fluorine found?
Fluorine is naturally present in the Earth's crust where it is chiefly found in mineral form. Although its existence as an element was suspected in the early 19th century, it was only 100 years later that the French chemist, Henri Moissan, won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for discovering fluorine in its elemental state in 1886.
What is the purpose of fluorine?
In Latin, its name means flow. Fluorine easily bonds with other elements of the periodic table and consequently boasts a host of applications: polymers, refrigerants as well as lithium salts for batteries. It is very popular, and people use it morning and night to brush their teeth. It is the main active ingredient in most kinds ...
What is the suffix for fluorine?
Later, Humphry Davy named the substance fluorine from fluoric acid and the suffix “-ine ” used for all halogens [1]. Long before its formal discovery, fluorine minerals were used in various laboratory and industrial settings. It was used for the smelting of ores and was named fluo, which is the Latin word for flow.
Where is fluorine found?
In nature, the main source of fluorine is fluorite, cryolite and fluorapatite. Fluorite is the most abundant and China and Mexico are the largest suppliers of fluorite.
How many isotopes of fluorine are there?
In nature, there is only one stable isotope of fluorine, fluorine-19. It is quite abundant and its magnetogyric ratio is quite high. There are seventeen artificial isotopes of fluorine, and their mass number range from 14 to 31. Fluorine-18 is the most stable artificial isotope.
What is the most important use of fluorine?
Significance and Uses. The largest consumption of fluorine is in the making of UF 6 for nuclear fuel chain (fluorination of uranium tetrafluoride). A huge proportion of fluorine is used in the preparation of SF 6 (an inert dielectric compound) that is used in making high-voltage transformers and circuit breakers.
What gases react with fluorine?
Gases, such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide readily combine with fluorine. Fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen gas. Oxygen does not react with fluorine at room temperatures. Halogens also readily react with fluorine [4].
What is the Latin word for flow?
It was used for the smelting of ores and was named fluo, which is the Latin word for flow. The name fluorine was derived from its characteristic of flowing minerals. The symbol of fluorine is F, which is also derived from its Latin name which later became, fluorum.
What is fluoride used for?
Fluoride in the form of inorganic compounds is used in glass etching and steel picking.
Why is fluorine important?
Fluorine's special status also stems from the 'fluorine factor', the ability of this little atom to fine-tune the chemical properties of an entire molecule. For example, replacing hydrogen with fluorine can protect drugs from degradation by metabolic enzymes, extending their active lifetimes inside the body.
Who discovered fluorine?
The British chemist George Gore in 1869 passed an electric current through liquid HF but found that the gas which was liberated reacted violently with his apparatus. He thought it was fluorine but was unable to collect it and prove it. Then in 1886 the French chemist Henri Moissan obtained it by the electrolysis of potassium bifluoride (KHF 2) dissolved in liquid HF.
Why is fluoride added to water?
Fluoride is an essential ion for animals, strengthening teeth and bones. It is added to drinking water in some areas. The presence of fluorides below 2 parts per million in drinking water is believed to prevent dental cavities. However, above this concentration it may cause children’s tooth enamel to become mottled.
What is Teflon used for?
Teflon is well known for its non-stick properties and is used in frying pans. It is also used for cable insulation, for plumber’s tape and as the basis of Gore-Tex® (used in waterproof shoes and clothing). Hydrofluoric acid is used for etching the glass of light bulbs and in similar applications.
What is uranium used for?
The element is used to make uranium hexafluoride, needed by the nuclear power industry to separate uranium isotopes. It is also used to make sulfur hexafluoride , the insulating gas for high-power electricity transformers.
How are elements organized into blocks?
Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The number of protons in an atom.
What is a vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table.
Where is fluorine found?
Fluorine is found in nature only in the form of its chemical compounds, except for trace amounts of the free element in fluorspar that has been subjected to radiation from radium. Not a rare element, it makes up about 0.065 percent of Earth’s crust. The principal fluorine-containing minerals are (1) fluorspar, deposits of which occur in Illinois, Kentucky, Derbyshire, southern Germany, the south of France, and Russia and the chief source of fluorine, (2) cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ), chiefly from Greenland, (3) fluoroapatite (Ca 5 [PO 4] 3 [F,Cl]), widely distributed and containing variable amounts of fluorine and chlorine, (4) topaz (Al 2 SiO 4 [F,OH] 2 ), the gemstone, and (5) lepidolite, a mica as well as a component of animal bones and teeth.
How much energy does fluorine have?
The first ionization energy of fluorine is very high (402 kilocalories per mole ), giving a standard heat formation for the F + cation of 420 kilocalories per mole.
What is the name of the element that combines with other elements to form ionic or covalent fluorides?
Fluorine (F 2 ), composed of two fluorine atoms, combines with all other elements except helium and neon to form ionic or covalent fluorides. Some metals, such as nickel, are quickly covered by a fluoride layer, which prevents further attack of the metal by the element. Certain dry metals, such as mild steel, copper, aluminum, or Monel (a 66 percent nickel, 31.5 percent copper alloy ), are not attacked by fluorine at ordinary temperatures. For work with fluorine at temperatures up to 600 °C (1,100 °F), Monel is suitable; sintered alumina is resistant up to 700 °C (1,300 °F). When lubricants are required, fluorocarbon oils are most suitable. Fluorine reacts violently with organic matter (such as rubber, wood, and cloth), and controlled fluorination of organic compounds by the action of elemental fluorine is only possible if special precautions are taken.
What is the most reactive element in the periodic table?
Fluorine (F), most reactive chemical element and the lightest member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. Its chemical activity can be attributed to its extreme ability to attract electrons (it is the most electronegative element) and to the small size of its atoms.
What is fluorspar used for?
The fluorine-containing mineral fluorspar ( fluorite, CaF 2) has been used for centuries as a flux (cleansing agent) in various metallurgical processes. The name fluorspar is derived from the Latin fluere, “to flow.”. The mineral subsequently proved to be a source of the element, which was accordingly named fluorine.
Which element has the highest oxidation power?
The high oxidizing power of fluorine allows the element to produce the highest oxidation numbers possible in other elements, and many high oxidation state fluorides of elements are known for which there are no other corresponding halides—e.g., silver difluoride (AgF 2 ), cobalt trifluoride (CoF 3 ), rhenium heptafluoride (ReF 7 ), bromine pentafluoride (BrF 5 ), and iodine heptafluoride (IF 7 ).
Which element is the most electronegative?
Because fluorine is the most electronegative of the elements, atomic groupings rich in fluorine are often negatively charged. Methyl iodide (CH 3 I) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) have different charge distributions as shown in the following formulas, in which the Greek symbol δ indicates a partial charge:
What is Fluorine?
Fluorine is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. Its atom is the third smallest among all elements with an atomic radius of 153 pm. It has 9 electrons that surround the nucleus of its atom — 7 in its outer shell, and 2 in its inner shell. Its atomic weight is 18.998403 and its density is 0.001696 g/cm 3.
Applications of Flourine
Fluorine has a wide range of applications and its common use is in the production of sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride is one of the ingredients added to toothpaste. It is beneficial for the prevention of tooth decay. Fluorine is essential in the production of aluminum, dye, ceramics, and fluorochemicals such as solvents and superplastics.
What Is Chemical Reactivity?
A chemical reaction is a process by which one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances. It occurs when the atoms of one substance react and gain, lose, or share electrons with the atoms of another substance.
Reactivity of Flourine
Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of any element, with a value of 3.98. This means that fluorine, more than any other element, is the most likely to accept electrons. Cesium has the lowest electronegativity of any element at 0.79, making it the least likely to accept electrons, and it even gives its own electrons to others.
Dangers of Flourine
Fluorine is a highly corrosive, toxic, and hazardous substance. It is a very dangerous material, which is why it is only used and produced in laboratories, and it can only be handled by chemists or chemical experts. Simply inhaling this substance can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory tract damage.
How many protons does fluorine have?
Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Fluorine is F.
What is the mass number of fluorine?
Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Fluorine are 19.
How many protons does phosphorus have?
Phosphorus is a chemical element with atomic number 15 which means there are 15 protons and 15 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P.
What is the lightest element on the periodic table?
With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.
Which element has the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell?
Magnesium is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure.
What is the most common type of boron?
There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax , kernite, ulexite etc. Natural boron consists primarily of two stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B.