What is the difference between Paleo and archaic?
Paleo 10000 to 8000 BC Nomadic; nonpermanent dwellings Large animals, berries, nuts Stone tools (spearheads) Answers may vary. -Paleo means ancient in Greek.-Lived in groups of 25-30.-Covered shelters with animal hides and bark. Archaic 8000 to 1000 BC 1st permanent settlements but moved seasonally in search of food Smaller game (deer, rabbits ...
When did the prehistoric period start and end?
When did the prehistoric period start and end? The Prehistoric Period—or when there was human life before records documented human activity—roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago to 1,200 B.C. It is generally categorized in three archaeological periods: the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.
When were the Triassic and Cretaceous periods?
Triassic Period (252.17 to 201.3 million years ago): Dinosaurs begin to appear, having evolved from reptiles called Archosaurs. Jurassic Period (201.3 – 145 million years ago): Dinosaurs become the dominant land vertebrates. Cretaceous Period (145 – 66 million years ago): Dinosaurs continue to thrive and diversify.
When did the Stone Age period take place?
The Stone Age is the longest period of human history, lasting from 2.6 million years ago to about 5,000 years ago. The changes that took place in this period were profound.
When did the Archaic Period begin and end?
Dates for the Archaic are variable, with the earliest dates around 8,500 B.C. and end dates as late as the first few centuries A.D. in some places. Hafted knife blade made of chert provides evidence of the way people lived over 5,000 years ago.
When was the Archaic Period in America?
8000-500 BCThe Archaic Period refers to the time between 8000 and 500 BC in the Native American history of Arkansas.
When was the Archaic Period BCE?
The archaic period is generally considered to have lasted from the beginning of the 8th century BC until the beginning of the 5th century BC, with the foundation of the Olympic Games in 776 BC and the Second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC forming notional starting and ending dates.
What did the Archaic Period do?
The Archaic period saw developments in Greek politics, economics, international relations, warfare, and culture. It also laid the groundwork for the classical period, both politically and culturally. During this time, the Greek alphabet developed, and the earliest surviving Greek literature was composed.
Why did the Archaic Period End?
The Greek Archaic Period (c. 800- 479 BCE) started from what can only be termed uncertainty, and ended with the Persians being ejected from Greece for good after the battles of Plataea and Mykale in 479 BCE.
What are the four periods of Native American history?
Explore the text links for more details about each topic.Paleoindians (13,000 - 10,000 years ago) These were the earliest people in what is now Ohio. ... Archaic People (10,000 - 2,500 years ago) ... Woodland People (2,500 - 1,100 years ago) ... Whittlesey People (1,100 - 400 years ago)
What are the 4 periods of ancient Greece?
Walter Alexander Classical Endowment, James H. Allan and Christopher D. Allan funds. Ancient Greek art spans a period between about 900 and 30 BCE and is divided into four periods: Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic.
What era is 480 BC?
The denomination 480 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Centuries: 6th century BC....480 BC.Gregorian calendar480 BC CDLXXIX BCThai solar calendar63–6429 more rows
What caused the archaic age?
The Archaic period began about 750 bce—following the so-called Greek Dark Age, which had been marked by the collapse of the socioeconomic system and the destruction of Mycenaean sites.
What was life like during the Archaic period?
How did Archaic peoples adapt? They were still nomadic people who practiced a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. But as the large animals died out, people began hunting smaller animals that are familiar to us today. They also ate more wild plant foods.
What did the Archaic eat?
Archaic people hunted animals that are familiar to us today, including deer, elk, and bighorn sheep. People also ate smaller animals such as rabbits and rodents. Archaic people ate many different kinds of wild plant foods, including greens (leaves), seeds, nuts, and fruits.
What happened in Greece in the Archaic period?
Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but is known as the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented. The polis became the defining feature of Greek political life for hundreds of years.
How did life change for early Americans during the Archaic Period?
The Middle Archaic period was also a time of significant changes in Native American cultures throughout the Southeast. People established long-distance trade networks, invented new types of tools, and according to archaeological evidence, began engaging in warfare for the first time.
What was happening in North America 3000 years ago?
They were hunting rabbit, deer, and pronghorn. They were harvesting at least two varieties of domesticated corn. Abalone shell from the Pacific Ocean was being used as jewelry. In New Mexico, Ancestral Puebloans, called Basketmaker II by archaeologists, were growing squash and corn.
Why did Archaic hunter gatherers inhabit ancient America?
Archaic Period Desert Archaic Indians lived from 8,000-1,600 years ago and migrated based on the availability of resources. They hunted herds of mammals using a lightweight, spear-throwing stick called an Atlatl.
How did Archaic Americans differ from their Paleo Indian ancestors?
The primary characteristic of Archaic cultures is a change in subsistence and lifestyle; their Paleo-Indian predecessors were highly nomadic, specialized hunters and gatherers who relied on a few species of wild plants and game, but Archaic peoples lived in larger groups, were sedentary for part of the year, and ...
What is the Archaic period?
Archaic period, in history and archaeology, the earliest phases of a culture; the term is most frequently used by art historians to denote the period of artistic development in Greece from about 650 to 480 bc, the date of the Persian sack of Athens. During the Archaic period, Greek art became less rigidly stylized ...
What was the art style of the Archaic period?
During the Archaic period, Greek art became less rigidly stylized and more naturalistic. Paintings on vases evolved from geometric designs to representations of human figures, often illustrating epic tales. In sculpture, faces were animated with the characteristic “Archaic smile,” and bodies were rendered with a growing attention to human proportion and anatomy. The development of the Doric and Ionic orders of architecture in the Archaic period also reflected a growing concern with harmonious architectural proportions.
What is an encyclopedia editor?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
What is the Greek Archaic Period?
Definition. The Greek Archaic Period (c. 800- 479 BCE) started from what can only be termed uncertainty, and ended with the Persians being ejected from Greece for good after the battles of Plataea and Mykale in 479 BCE. The Archaic Period is preceded by the Greek Dark Age (c.1200- 800 BCE), a period about which little is known for sure, ...
Why is the Archaic Period important?
The Archaic Period is, therefore, a highly important time period in its own right, but is also highly important in putting the events of the Classical Period into context. However, this definition only covers some of the many events and developments, and covers some of them only briefly: the Archaic Period is perhaps the richest and most complicated in Greek history.
What was the first temple in Greece?
The Corcyra Artemision (c. 580/ 70 BCE) was the first Greek temple to have a stone entablature and the Temple of Apollo (c. 580-550 BCE) at Syracuse is now known as the Cathedral of Syracuse, being the longest continually lasting single building to remain consecrated ground, in this case, since its Archaic origins. The age of tyrants can also be witnessed in one particular temple, in this case, not relating to Athens' tyrants, but to Samos', namely Polykrates (c.540- 520 BCE) who commissioned the fourth stage Heraion at Samos. Greece's developing international realtionships can be witnessesed in this was too, with King Croeus dedicating a column of the Temple of Artemis and Ephesus; and it still bears his mark to this day.
What were the major changes in the Archaic period?
In the Archaic Period there were vast changes in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics. These changes occurred due to the increasing population of Greece and its increasing amount trade, which in turn led to colonization and a new age of intellectual ideas, the most important of which (at least to the modern Western World) was Democracy. This would then fuel, in a rather circular way, more cultural changes.
How were the tribes formed?
The tribes were formed by a collection of demes (similar to an English Parish; small localities of residence) which were themselves placed into one of thirty trittyes, ' thirds' (three per tribe); a deme would be in either one of three regions depending on its location: the coast, the city, or the inland.
What were the changes in Greek culture during the Archaic period?
In the Archaic Period there were vast changes in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics.
What were the most important events of the Archaic period?
The Persian Wars , perhaps the most influential set of events in the Archaic period, which couldn't possibly be given justice to here, started with the Ionian revolt of Greek colonies and settlements in Asia Minor from the Persian Empire which prompted Darius I 's retaliation to invade Greece, which failed at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. This was later avenged by the second invasion of Greece by Xerxes, who was finally expelled with the combined victories at Plataea and Mykale, though only after the equally as famous battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Salamis was won by the fleet that Themistocles had persuaded the Athenians to build from the silver mines at Laurium, and this silver would continue to be vitally important into the Classical Period.
What did people do in the Archaic period?
During the thousands of years after the last Ice Age, human populations increased and settled into a range of environments across Arkansas. For the most part, Indians in the Archaic Period lived in hunter-gatherer communities that hunted, fished, and collected wild animal and plant resources for food. But it is too simplistic to view these people as roving bands of hunters or as primitive cave dwellers foraging a meager subsistence from the wilderness. It was during the Archaic Period that people first domesticated plants that later became the staple grain crops of farmers. In some areas, communites became stable and sedentary, and ritual or sacred locations were marked with mounds and earthworks. Instead of moving across the landscape to use natural resources directly, some groups traded raw materials and craft objects across wide areas.
What are some of the most important cultures of the Archaic Period?
Within the Archaic Period, archaeologists have identified more specific regional cultures, such as the Dalton, San Patrice, Tom's Brook, Big Creek, and Poverty Point cultures.
What is the history of Arkansas?
Historic Occupation I. Historic Occupation II. Archaic Period 8000-500 BC. The Archaic Period refers to the time between 8000 and 500 BC in the Native American history of Arkansas. As was the case in other regions in North America, Arkansas' Archaic Period was a long span of cultural development and innovation that transformed small-scale ...
When were mounds built?
One of the most famous mound sites in the region is Poverty Point in northeast Louisiana, and is known for its concentric semicircular earthworks, embankment, and mounds that date to several centuries around 1300 BC.
How long ago was the Archaic period?
Archaic Period. Steven M. Meredith, University of Alabama. Archaic Period Exhibit. Archaeologists refer to the period between about 10,500 to about 3,000 years before the present as the Archaic period. It is separated by archaeologists from the Paleoindian period on the basis of characteristics of the way the societies were organized ...
Where were the late archaic sites located?
There was also an increase in the number of Late Archaic sites located in large river valleys, including those of the Tennessee, Tombigbee, and Alabama rivers. Native Americans made further developments and refinements in the types of tools and containers they made during the Late Archaic period.
What were the most important inventions of the Archaic era?
One major innovation was the process of grinding stones into desirable shape, such as tools and ornaments. These items included weights for fishing nets, axes, pipes, and even large stone cooking bowls. They also fashioned beads and pendants out of colorful rocks. There were probably many other inventions that archaeologists have not found evidence for because most materials that people make tools from such as wood and leather usually deteriorate quickly in Alabama's warm, moist climate.
What were the most important things that people traded in the Late Archaic period?
In the Late Archaic period, people established more extensive long-distance exchange networks and traded more raw materials and finished goods. Rocks such as greenstone, steatite, and mica from east Alabama, iron ore from central and north Alabama, flint from north Alabama, and sandstone from southwest Alabama were all quarried and traded around what is now the southeastern United States in a network that linked together many different societies across the region.
What was the name of the period when the climate stabilized?
During the beginning of what is known as the Late Archaic period, the climate began to stabilize and become closer to modern climate patterns. In the Southeast, scientists have found a large increase in the number of recorded Late Archaic sites as compared with Middle Archaic sites. There was also an increase in the number of Late Archaic sites located in large river valleys, including those of the Tennessee, Tombigbee, and Alabama rivers.
What did the Archaic people eat?
Archaic peoples collected nuts from hickory, oak, and chestnut trees; native fruits such as blackberries , muscadines, and persimmons; and greens such as pokeweed. At archaeological sites where preservation is good, scientists have found bones of a large variety of animals, indicating that Archaic people ate deer, turkey, squirrel, raccoon, rabbit, turtle, snake, small birds, and many other types of animals. At many Archaic sites located along the banks of large streams and rivers in Alabama, Archaic peoples left mounds of mussel shells, known as middens, which are the remains of innumerable meals. Some piles of discarded shells and other debris exceed depths of more than 15 feet. Other than these shell mound sites, most Archaic sites do not look very different than those in other places, except that they are most often found on level ground near water. People lived in very small houses that were grouped in transient settlements. People probably would not identify with a "hometown"; they would more likely identify only with their family and their band.
What are some of the inventions that archaeologists have not found evidence for?
There were probably many other inventions that archaeologists have not found evidence for because most materials that people make tools from such as wood and leather usually deteriorate quickly in Alabama's warm, moist climate. Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter.
What is the Archaic period?
The name Archaic Period is given by archaeologists to early periods in an archaeological chronology, generally covering the early developments of permanent settlements, agriculture, and large societies. In particular, it may refer to: Archaic stage or period in the Americas, after the Lithic and before the Formative.
When was the Etruscan period?
Dates vary with areas, typically 8,000 to 2,000BC. a period in the history of Etruscan art, between roughly 575 BC and 480 BC.
What is the period of art in Greece?
Archaic Greece (800 BC–480 BC) Archaic period in art. a period in the history of Etruscan art, between roughly 575 BC and 480 BC. the Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) (3100 BC–2600 BC) Topics referred to by the same term.
How long ago was the Middle Archaic period?
Until recently, the Middle Archaic period of ca. 8000 to 5000 years ago was regarded by archaeologists as a time of small, mobile, hunter-gatherer populations whose cultural differences could be explained by local environmental conditions. While environmental changes during this interval were indeed dramatic and consequential to humans, recent evidence from Middle Archaic sites across the Southeast, as well as northeast Florida, call into question many of our simplistic notions about this fascinating time period.
What was the Middle Archaic use of shells?
Middle Archaic use of marine shell at Lake Monroe adds a new twist to the ongoing inquiry into regional settlement. The assemblage of whelk, cockle, and oyster shells recovered from Lake Monroe is unprecedented for an early riverine site. Being some 40 km from its source, the shell was either carried in directly from coast, or imported through coastal neighbors. Moreover, the toolstone used to make drills for producing beads was also nonlocal, coming from sources to west. Thus, the entire production process depended on materials that had to be acquired from afar. Although this fact alone does not resolve whether riverine settlement was permanent or seasonal, the geographic scope of exchange (and/or mortuary ritual) suggests Middle Archaic groups across northeast Florida were indeed culturally divided in ways that both enabled and regulated flows of personnel and resources among interior, riverine, and coastal populations. Our understanding of these diverse groups thus depends as much on the nature of interactions among them as it does on their respective relations to different environmental settings.
How did the environment change during the post-glacial era?
In the wake of a postglacial era that witnessed burgeoning human populations across the region, environmental conditions in certain locations became increasingly drier and hotter. In the lower Midwest and Midsouth, for instance, drier and warmer climate appears to have reduced the viability of upland habitat to support groups that had come to depend on mast, deer, and turkey resources for the winter. At the same time, riverine habitat appears to have improved as increased runoff from desiccated uplands enhanced the food potential of major river valleys. Patterns of regional settlement suggest that certain groups responded to these changes by intensifying the use of riverine locations. In some cases the change may have entailed permanent settlement of riverine sites; in others use of such sites was simply more redundant and intensive than before.
How did the average age at death increase over the Archaic period?
Evidence from human remains shows that the average age at death increased over the archaic period, but there is no clear trend for other measures of health. The size of houses gives some evidence for prosperity within society; in the eighth and seventh centuries, the average house size remained constant around 45–50 m 2, but the number of very large and very small houses increased, indicating increasing economic inequality. From the end of the seventh century, this trend reversed, with houses clustering closely around a growing average, and by the end of the archaic period the average house size had risen to about 125 m 2.
What was the main political system in the Archaic period?
Politically, the archaic period saw the development of the polis (or city-state) as the predominant unit of political organisation. Many cities throughout Greece came under the rule of autocratic leaders, called "tyrants". The period also saw the development of law and systems of communal decision-making, with the earliest evidence for law codes and constitutional structures dating to the period. By the end of the archaic period, both the Athenian and Spartan constitutions seem to have developed into their classical forms.
What is the age of Tyrannos?
Recently historians have begun to question the existence of a seventh century "age of tyrants". In the archaic period, the Greek word tyrannos, according to Victor Parker, did not have the negative connotations it had gained by the time Aristotle wrote his Constitution of the Athenians. When Archilochus used the word tyrant, it was synonymous with anax (an archaic Greek word meaning 'king'). Parker dates the first use of the word tyrannos in a negative context to the first half of the sixth century, at least fifty years after Cypselus took power in Corinth. It was not until the time of Thucydides that tyrannos and basileus ('king') were consistently distinguished. Similarly, Greg Anderson has argued that archaic Greek tyrants were not considered illegitimate rulers, and cannot be distinguished from any other rulers of the same period.
What was the period of Greek history?
Archaic Greece was the period in Greek history lasting from circa 800 BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period. In the archaic period, Greeks settled across the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, as far as Marseille in the west and Trapezus (Trebizond) in the east; and by the end of the archaic period , they were part of a trade network that spanned the entire Mediterranean.
What was the polis in Greece?
However, the polis did not become the dominant form of socio-political organisation throughout Greece in the archaic period, and in the north and west of the country it did not become dominant until some way into the Classical period.
How did the population of Greece increase?
This was part of a wider phenomenon of population growth across the Mediterranean region at this time, which may have been caused by a climatic shift that took place between 850 and 750, which made the region cooler and wetter. This led to the expansion of population into uncultivated areas of Greece and was probably also a driver for colonisation abroad.
When was the tyrant era?
The earliest Greek tyrant was Cypselus, who seized power in Corinth in a coup in 655 BC. He was followed by a series of others in the mid-seventh century BC, such as Orthagoras in Sicyon and Theagenes in Megara.
