which period of pregnancy includes weeks 2-8

How many weeks pregnant Am I now?

You're pregnant: Now what? Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of your last normal period. The weeks are grouped into three trimesters. Find out what's happening with you and your baby in these three stages.

What are the weeks 0 to 4 of pregnancy?

Weeks 0 to 4. Conception generally takes place approximately two weeks after the first day of a woman’s last period and doctors include the time from that first day as part of the pregnancy. During those first two weeks, a woman’s body prepares for ovulation and an egg is released at around day 14 of the menstrual cycle.

What are the stages of pregnancy?

Stages of pregnancy 1 First trimester (week 1–week 12). 2 Second trimester (week 13–week 28) (Call your doctor if you have nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting,... 3 Third trimester (week 29–week 40) (If you notice any sudden or extreme swelling or... 4 Your developing baby. Your baby's brain and spinal cord have begun to form.

What is the normal due date for pregnancy?

In addition, it yields an expected due date and is the method most physicians use for dating a pregnancy. Most pregnancies will last about 40 weeks when using gestational age to estimate the due date, but anything from 38 weeks to 42 weeks is considered normal.

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Which period of pregnancy includes Week 2 8?

During the 'germinal stage' (fertilization–2 weeks) and 'embryonic stage' (2–8 weeks), the fertilized egg rapidly divides and attaches to the uterine wall, the major organs and systems of the body differentiate, and interconnections form between the developing components of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

What begins the process of developing sperm cells?

Sperm develop in the testicles within a system of tiny tubes called the seminiferous tubules. At birth, these tubules contain simple round cells. During puberty, testosterone and other hormones cause these cells to transform into sperm cells.

Which of the following combined Apgar score is considered normal for a newborn?

The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1 to 10. The higher the score, the better the baby is doing after birth. A score of 7, 8, or 9 is normal and is a sign that the newborn is in good health.

Which of these makes new blood cells for the fetus?

Baby's liver is making red blood cells.

How do you know if a guy releases sperm inside you?

Can you feel when sperm enters? Yes, if your partner has a strong and intense ejaculation during unprotected sex, you can feel when sperm enters as the ejaculation shoots inside you. If your partner doesn't ejaculate much, you cannot feel it. Also, you cannot feel when the sperm fertilises the egg.

What age does sperm production stop?

Although men never stop producing sperm throughout their lives, sperm production does begin decreasing after age 35. Motility, volume and genetic quality of sperm of older men are less likely to achieve a successful pregnancy even in younger women.

Which sense is weakest at birth?

Answer and Explanation: The sense of sight is the least-developed sense at birth.

What is a normal baby weight when born?

Newborns come in a range of healthy sizes. Most babies born between 37 and 40 weeks weigh somewhere between 5 pounds, 8 ounces (2,500 grams) and 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams).

Why is the APGAR test given twice?

The test scores will be recorded, and then the test will be completed again five minutes after your baby's birth. Both scores will be used. Completing the test twice helps ensure accuracy and it also helps the doctors detect any discrepancies that may have occurred from the first test to the second test.

How does a man's sperm affect a woman body?

Researchers have found that exposure to semen is good for women's health because of the mood-altering chemicals of this body fluid. Earlier research had shown that these chemicals not just elevate mood, increase affection and induce sleep, but also contain vitamins and anti-depressants.

What organ does a baby develop in?

Uterus. The uterus, or womb, is a hollow, pear-shaped organ ln a woman's lower stomach between the bladder and the rectum. It sheds its lining each month during menstruation. A fertilized egg (ovum) becomes implanted in the uterus, and the fetus develops.

How does sperm know which fallopian tube to go to?

Eisenbach: "Apparently, the sperm are guided by temperature when they travel through most of the fallopian tube and navigate by tuning in to the egg's chemical call when they get close to the fertilization site."

Which of the following gives rise to sperm cells?

Testicle. The testes, the primary reproductive organs in males, generate sperm cells and produce the hormone testosterone. The testes are the primary reproductive organs and generate sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis.

What cells function to support and protect the developing sperm quizlet?

Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) have 5 main cellular functions what are they? -Structural support. -Form the blood-testis barrier (a diffusion barrier that protects the developing sperm cells from harmful blood-borne substances).

Which cells are the precursors to mature sperm cells?

Intermediate spermatogonia are committed to becoming spermatozoa, and they divide mitotically once to form the type B spermatogonia. These cells are the precursors of the spermatocytes and are the last cells of the line that undergo mitosis.

Where is spermatogenesis completed?

testesAs mentioned above, spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cell production occurs; the germ cells give rise to the haploid spermatozoa. Sperm production takes place inside the seminiferous tubules, which is a convoluted cluster of tubes located inside the testes.

What is the middle layer of the embryo?

A middle layer, referred to as the mesoderm becomes the bones, muscles, heart and blood vessels and an outer layer called the ectoderm develops into the brain and nervous system. Throughout these early weeks, a tiny yolk sac supplies the embryo with nourishment until the placenta fully forms a few weeks later and takes over the role of providing nourishment and oxygen.

How long is a fetus?

The fetus may now be around 11 to 14mm in length.

What happens during the week of pregnancy?

It is during this week of pregnancy that a woman misses her period. At this point, the embryo is about 2mm long and is already developing a nervous system. As the ectoderm develops, a layer of cells start to fold to form the neural tube that later becomes the brain and spinal cord.

What is the term for the hollow ball of cells that burrows into the uterus wall?

Once inside the uterus, cell division continues and eventually forms a hollow ball of cells referred to as a blastocyst. This blastocyst burrows into the uterus wall (implantation) and develops into an embryo.

How long does it take for a zygote to move?

If the egg is fertilized by a sperm, then approximately three weeks after the first day of a woman’s last period, the fertilized egg (zygote) is moved slowly along the fallopian tube towards the uterus, by tiny cilia that line the tube.

What is the first stage of pregnancy?

During the first trimester of pregnancy, a baby goes through many stages of development, starting as a fertilized egg after conception and then developing into a blastocyst, an embryo and then a fetus.

What part of the ear develops into hands?

The inner ear also starts to develop and the arm buds lengthen and become paddle shaped. These will eventually develop into hands.

How long is a pregnancy?

Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of your last normal period. The weeks are grouped into three trimesters.

How much does a baby weigh at 8 weeks?

At the end of eight weeks, your baby is a fetus and looks more like a human. Your baby is nearly 1 inch long and weighs less than one-eighth ounce.

What is the hair on a baby called?

Your baby is covered by fine, downy hair called lanugo (luh-NOO-goh) and a waxy coating called vernix. This protects the forming skin underneath.

Is it easier to get pregnant in the second trimester?

Most women find the second tri mester of pregnancy easier than the first . But it is just as important to stay informed about your pregnancy during these months.

Is a baby's bone soft?

Your baby's bones are fully formed, but still soft.

Does discomfort go away during pregnancy?

As your body changes, you might need to make changes to your daily routine, such as going to bed earlier or eating frequent, small meals. Fortunately, most of these discomforts will go away as your pregnancy progresses. And some women might not feel any discomfort at all ! If you have been pregnant before, you might feel differently this time around. Just as each woman is different, so is each pregnancy.

What is the difference between gestational age and fetus age?

Gestational age is the time beginning with the pregnant person's last menstrual period (LMP) to the present (and as a result, includes the two weeks before conception occurred). It refers to how far along the pregnancy has progressed. Gestational age is the number most people use when describing how many weeks pregnant they are. 3 Fetal age, on the other hand, starts at conception and only describes the age of the developing fetus.

What is the purpose of ultrasounds during pregnancy?

In later stages of pregnancy, ultrasounds measure specific parts of the baby's body including the abdomen, head, and femur (thigh bone) to confirm gestational age and fetal growth.

How many days are pregnant during a fetal ultrasound?

Calendar calculations based on the last menstrual period assume the pregnant person has a regular 28-day cycle . Because that is often not the case, fetal ultrasounds help to provide more information to inform gestational age. In fact, first-trimester ultrasounds of the embryo or fetus (up to an including 13 6/7 weeks of gestation) ...

How accurate is ultrasound for pregnancy?

Ultrasounds in early pregnancy are the most accurate way to determine gestational age, especially for pregnant people with a history of irregular menstrual cycles. 1

Why is gestational age important?

Gestational age is an important tool to help your doctor or midwife provide the best prenatal care throughout your pregnancy and to evaluate your baby's growth. It also allows you to follow along week by week as your baby develops.

What is the gestational age used for?

In cases where assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to conceive, the ART-derived gestational age is used to calculate the estimated date of delivery (EDD) or due date. For example, with in-vitro fertilization, doctors would use the age of the embryo and the date of the transfer along with ultrasounds to determine how far along the pregnancy is.

How to determine weeks of gestation?

Healthcare providers can determine weeks of gestation by looking at the mother's menstrual cycle and with the use of ultrasounds. Gestational age is calculated from the first day of the pregnant person's last menstrual period (LMP) to the present day. (Technically, gestational age includes the two weeks prior to conception, ...

Why is the second trimester called the golden period?

The second trimester of pregnancy is often called the "golden period" because many of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy disappear. During the second trimester, you're likely to experience decreased nausea, better sleep patterns and an increased energy level.

How many weeks is the third trimester?

Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks) You have now reached your final stretch of pregnancy and are probably very excited and anxious for the birth of your baby. Some of the physical symptoms you may experience during this period include shortness of breath, hemorrhoids, urinary incontinence, varicose veins and sleeping problems.

What is the first trimester of pregnancy?

The first trimester is the most crucial to your baby's development. During this period, your baby's body structure and organ systems develop. Most miscarriages and birth defects occur during this period.

What are the symptoms of pregnancy during the first trimester?

Your body also undergoes major changes during the first trimester. These changes often cause a variety of symptoms, including nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness and frequent urination. Although these are common pregnancy symptoms, every woman has a different experience.

When is a baby considered full term?

A pregnancy is considered full-term at 40 weeks ; infants delivered before the end of week 37 are considered premature. Premature infants may have problems with their growth and development, as well as difficulties in breathing and digesting.

When do babies start fluttering?

However, you may experience a whole new set of symptoms, such as back pain, abdominal pain, leg cramps, constipation and heartburn. Somewhere between 16 weeks and 20 weeks, you may feel your baby's first fluttering movements.

What is the first two weeks of prenatal development?

The process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage , the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period.

What is the germinal stage of a sperm?

The germinal stage begins at conception when the sperm and egg cell unite in one of the two fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg is called a zygote. Just a few hours after conception, the single-celled zygote begins making a journey down the fallopian tube to the uterus.

What is the fetal stage?

Fetal Stage. Once cell differentiation is mostly complete, the embryo enters the next stage and becomes known as a fetus. The fetal period of prenatal develop marks more important changes in the brain. This period of development begins during the ninth week and lasts until birth.

How many cells do zygotes divide?

Cell division begins approximately 24 to 36 hours after conception. Through the process of mitosis, the zygote first divides into two cells, then into four, eight, sixteen, and so on. A significant number of zygotes never progress past this early part of cell division, with as many as half of all zygotes surviving less than two weeks.

How much does an embryo weigh?

By the eighth week of development, the embryo has all of the basic organs and parts except those of the sex organs. At this point, the embryo weighs just one gram and is about one inch in length. By the end of the embryonic period, the basic structures of the brain and central nervous system have been established.

How do you know if you have a neural tube?

The neural tube begins to form along with an area known as the neural plate. The earliest signs of development of the neural tube are the emergence of two ridges that form along each side of the neural plate. Over the next few days, more ridges form and fold inward until a hollow tube is formed.

Why is the prenatal period important?

While you might think of child development as something that begins during infancy, the prenatal period is also considered an important part of the developmental process. Prenatal development is a time of remarkable change that helps set the stage for future psychological development. The brain develops over the course of the prenatal period, but it will continue to go through more changes during the early years of childhood

What is the best way to protect an unborn baby?

Having immunity against common infectious illnesses will protect your unborn baby. You may have natural immunity from having conditions such as chicken pox and fifth disease as a child. You will almost certainly have been vaccinated against mumps and measles, so your unborn baby will be protected from these.

What to do if you are unsure about your immunity?

If you are unsure about your immunity or medical history, or think you may have been in contact with any of these infections, contact your doctor immediately for further advice. He or she will be able to do a checkup and provide reassurance.

What is the roof of the mouth?

The hard palate that forms the roof of the mouth arises from two "shelves" that start to grow, one each side, beneath the tongue; these shelves will lift upward to connect horizontally, allowing the tongue to drop down in to the mouth. Once they have joined together, the septum of the nose grows downward to meet them.

What are babies hands made of?

Your baby today. The baby's hands (seen here) and feet are gradually developing and they are formed of cartilage, not bone at this early stage. In the center left, the fused rays of the hand plate that will become the fingers can be seen. The ribs are in the background.

How long does it take for milk teeth to develop?

The milk teeth develop slowly and it will not be until the six month of pregnancy that they acquire their hard enamel coating. The embryo is still very curled up, with the head resting on the chest. Over the next two weeks as the jaw and neck grow, the head will gradually lift.

When do baby teeth develop?

The milk teeth develop slowly and it will not be until the six month of pregnancy that they acquire their hard enamel coating.

When do baby's eyes fuse?

His eyelids fuse and will remain closed until around the 26th week. The lips have already formed and with the surrounding skin will have the greatest concentration of nerves. The muscular tongue arises from the base ...

How many weeks are birth defects common?

In general, major defects of the body and internal organs are more likely to occur between 3 to 12 embryo / fetal weeks. This is the same as 5 to 14 gestational weeks (weeks since the first day of your last period).

How long does it take for a heart to develop?

We know that the heart’s critical period of development is from 3 to 6 embryonic weeks (5 to 8 gestational weeks). This means that using this medication in the third trimester cannot cause a major heart defect. Always talk to your health care provider before starting or stopping any medication.

How long does the brain develop during pregnancy?

Major, structural brain development lasts until about 16 fetal weeks (18 gestational weeks). However, the brain continues to develop for the rest of the pregnancy, after birth and through young adulthood.

What are the major birth defects?

Birth defects are typically classified as “major” if they cause significant medical problems and need surgery or other treatment. Heart defects, spina bifida, and clubfeet are examples of major birth defects.

What is the background risk of a pregnancy?

Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If an exposure can increase the chance for birth defects, the chance depends on what body part is developing at the time of exposure. Once a body part has formed, it is no longer at risk to develop major birth defects. Some exposures could still affect a body part’s growth and/or function.

Which trimester is the most dangerous for birth defects?

Harmful exposures during the first trimester have the greatest risk of causing major birth defects. This is because many important developmental changes take place during this time. The major structures of the body form in the first trimester. These include the spine, head, arms and legs.

How long does it take to change from gestational age to embryonic age?

Gestational age begins with the first day of a woman’s last menstrual period. This day is usually two weeks before a baby is conceived. This means that you can change gestational age to embryonic/fetal age by subtracting two weeks.

Weeks 0 to 4

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

• By week 8, the baby is referred to as a fetus. The legs form cartilage and increase in length, although leg parts such as the knees, thigh and toes are not yet distinct. Fingers have started to form, the ears have started to become shell shaped and the eyes are visible. The fetus is still contained within the amniotic sac and receives nutrients fro...

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