what is y on the periodic table

What are the three oxides of yttrium?

Why is yttrium called earth?

What is yttrium used for?

What element is used to provide the red colour for early colour television screens?

What is YAG used for?

What is the radioactive isotope used for?

What is density in chemistry?

See 4 more

About this website

Where is Y on the periodic table?

yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table.

What is yttrium used for in everyday life?

Yttrium can be used as an additive to strengthen metals, like aluminum and magnesium alloys. It's also used to help make microwave filters, high-temperature superconductors, oxygen sensors, white LED lights, and metal-cutting lasers. When added to camera lenses, the camera lenses become heat and shock resistant.

Is yttrium toxic to humans?

* Exposure to 500 mg/m3 is immediately dangerous to life and health.

Is yttrium metal toxic?

Yttrium is mostly dangerous in the working environment, due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air. This can cause lung embolisms, especially during long-term exposure. Yttrium can also cause cancer with humans, as it enlarges the chances of lung cancer when it is inhaled.

Is yttrium a rare-earth metal?

Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements since they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties. While named rare earths, they are in fact not that rare and are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust.

What is yttrium worth?

The yytrium oxide price was 2.94 U.S. dollars per kilogram in 2020.

Can you eat yttrium?

CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.

How much yttrium exists in the world?

About 31 ppm of the Earth's crust is yttrium, making it the 28th most abundant element, 400 times more common than silver.

Where is yttrium mined?

It is mined in China and Malaysia. Yttrium also occurs in the other 'rare earth' minerals, monazite and bastnaesite. Yttrium metal is produced by reducing yttrium fluoride with calcium metal.

What is an interesting fact about yttrium?

Yttrium: Yttrium is a soft silver-metallic element. Fun fact about Yttrium: Yttrium is named after the Swedish village of Ytterby, which has a nearby quarry containing quartz and feldspar, among other minerals. Chemical symbol: Y. Atomic number: 39.

How is yttrium obtained?

Yttrium is present in nearly all rare-earth minerals. It is obtained by mining the minerals bastnasite, fergusonite, monazite, samarskite and xenotime, which are mined in the USA, China, Australia, India and Brazil.

What elements does yttrium react with?

Yttrium is very reactive towards the halogens fluorine, F2, chlorine, Cl2 bromine, Br2, and iodine, I2, and burns to form the trihalides yttrium(III) fluoride, YF3 , yttrium(III) chloride, YCl3, yttrium(III) bromide, YBr3, and yttrium(III) iodide, YI3 respectively.

Where is yttrium found in nature?

Yttrium can be found in most of the rare earth minerals, but has never been discovered in the Earth's crust as a freestanding element. Lunar rocks gathered during the Apollo moon missions contain yttrium. The human body also contains yttrium in tiny amounts, usually concentrated in the liver, kidneys, and bones.

What is ytterbium used for?

Ytterbium is beginning to find a variety of uses, such as in memory devices and tuneable lasers. It can also be used as an industrial catalyst and is increasingly being used to replace other catalysts considered to be too toxic and polluting. Ytterbium has no known biological role. It has low toxicity.

What can yttrium 90 be used for?

Yttrium-90 is a radioactive substance. It is used in radiation therapy (radiotherapy) to treat cancer.

What are some fun facts about yttrium?

Yttrium:Yttrium: Yttrium is a soft silver-metallic element.Fun fact about Yttrium: Yttrium is named after the Swedish village of Ytterby, which has a nearby quarry containing quartz and feldspar, among other minerals.Chemical symbol: Y.Atomic number: 39.

Yttrium | History, Uses, Facts, Physical & Chemical Characteristics

Occurrence. Yttrium is rare earth mineral found in uranium ores. It is not present in free form. It is considered as the 28 th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is present in rare earth ores, such as laterite clays, gadolinite (silicate especially iron, beryllium, yttrium, cerium and erbium), euxenite and xenotime (yttrium orthophosphate) are most important.

Yttrium: Uses in Medicine & Everyday Life | Study.com

Yttrium is rarely heard of. But it has some very important uses, especially in medicine. Find out what this substance is and what it is used for in and outside of the medical field.

Yttrium - Periodic Table

Hydrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 1 which means there are 1 protons and 1 electrons in the atomic structure.The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.

Yttrium (Y) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects

Atomic number. 39. Atomic mass. 88.9059 g.mol-1. Electronegativity according to Pauling. 1.2. Density. 4.47 g.cm-3 at 20°C. Melting point. 1500 °C. Boiling point ...

Does the Modern Periodic Table Change? If So, How and Who Does That?

The periodic table as we know it today is managed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC (eye-you-pack).

What is the CIAAW?

Since 1899 the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights ( CIAAW) has been evaluating atomic weights and abundances. For example, Carbon had an atomic weight of 12.00 in 1902 but today it is [12.0096, 12.0116]! Times sure have changed as the source of the sample will determine the value.

What is PubChem working with?

PubChem is working with IUPAC to help make information about the elements and the periodic table machine-readable.

Who is responsible for deciding what needs to be changed?

While much of what is in the periodic table is stable and unlikely to change, the IUPAC organization is responsible for deciding what needs to be changed. They have created criteria for what constitutes the discovery of a new element.

Can periodic table games be used for grade?

The periodic table game available on this page is for entertainment purposes only, and should not be used to grade students on their knowledge of chemical elements.

Who created the periodic table?

The creator of the periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1869 began collecting and sorting known properties of elements, like he was playing a game, while traveling by train.

Did Mendeleev's predictions get dismissed?

There were plenty of skeptics and it took years to gain international acceptance, but once newly-discovered elements matched the ones that Mendeleev predicted, his patterns could not be dismissed. In addition, some of the properties that he "fudged" were later recalculated and found to be much closer to his predictions.

What is the mass number of Yttrium isotopes?

Yttrium isotopes with mass numbers at or above 90 decay primarily by electron emission (neutron → proton) to form zirconium (Z = 40) isotopes. Isotopes with mass numbers at or above 97 are also known to have minor decay paths of β − delayed neutron emission.

How to get yttrium from mixed oxides?

One method for obtaining pure yttrium from the mixed oxide ores is to dissolve the oxide in sulfuric acid and fractionate it by ion exchange chromatography. With the addition of oxalic acid, the yttrium oxalate precipitates. The oxalate is converted into the oxide by heating under oxygen.

What is a good example of a solid?

A good example is yttrium (I II) oxide ( Y. 2O. 3 ), also known as yttria, a six- coordinate white solid. Yttrium forms a water-insoluble fluoride, hydroxide, and oxalate, but its bromide, chloride, iodide, nitrate and sulfate are all soluble in water.

How long does yttrium have a half life?

In the context of nuclear waste management, the most important isotopes of yttrium are 91 Y and 90 Y, with half-lives of 58.51 days and 64 hours, respectively. Though 90 Y has a short half-life, it exists in secular equilibrium with its long-lived parent isotope, strontium-90 ( 90 Sr) with a half-life of 29 years.

What is yttrium used for?

Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.

How was Yttrium created?

Yttrium in the Solar System was created through stellar nucleosynthesis, mostly by the s-process (≈72%), but also by the r-process (≈28%). The r-process consists of rapid neutron capture by lighter elements during supernova explosions. The s-process is a slow neutron capture of lighter elements inside pulsating red giant stars.

What is the atomic number of Yttrium?

Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a " rare-earth element ". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals, and is never found in nature as ...

What is the energy of ionization?

The first ionization energy is the energy it takes to remove one electron from an atom, the second ionization energy is the energy it takes to remove a second electron from the atom, and so on. For a given atom, successive ionization energies increase with the degree of ionization. For magnesium as an example, the first ionization energy is 738 kJ/mol and the second is 1450 kJ/mol. Electrons in the closer orbitals experience greater forces of electrostatic attraction; thus, their removal requires increasingly more energy. Ionization energy becomes greater up and to the right of the periodic table.

What is the atomic number plotted against?

Atomic number plotted against atomic radius, excluding the noble gases. Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explainable manner across the periodic table. For instance, the radii generally decrease along each period of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group.

What is the electron configuration of a neutral atom?

The electron configuration or organisation of electrons orbiting neutral atoms shows a recurring pattern or periodicity. The electrons occupy a series of electron shells (numbered 1, 2, and so on). Each shell consists of one or more subshells (named s, p, d, f and g). As atomic number increases, electrons progressively fill these shells and subshells more or less according to the Madelung rule or energy ordering rule, as shown in the diagram. The electron configuration for neon, for example, is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6. With an atomic number of ten, neon has two electrons in the first shell, and eight electrons in the second shell; there are two electrons in the s subshell and six in the p subshell. In periodic table terms, the first time an electron occupies a new shell corresponds to the start of each new period, these positions being occupied by hydrogen and the alkali metals.

What are metals and nonmetals?

In chronological order, this section discusses metals and nonmetals (and metalloids); categories of elements; groups and periods; and periodic table blocks. While the recognition of metals as solid, fusible and generally malleable substances dates from antiquity, Antoine Lavoisier may have the first to formally distinguish between metals and nonmetals ('non-métalliques') in 1789 with the publication of his 'revolutionary' Elementary Treatise on Chemistry. In 1811, Berzelius referred to nonmetallic elements as metalloids, in reference to their ability to form oxyanions. In 1825, in a revised German edition of his Textbook of Chemistry, he subdivided the metalloids into three classes. These were: constantly gaseous 'gazolyta' (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen); real metalloids (sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, boron, silicon); and salt-forming 'halogenia' (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Only recently, since the mid-20th century, has the term metalloid been widely used to refer to elements with intermediate or borderline properties between metals and nonmetals. Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869, along with references to groups of families of elements, and rows or periods of his periodic table. At the same time, Hinrichs wrote that simple lines could be drawn on a periodic table in order to delimit properties of interest, such as elements having metallic lustre (in contrast to those not having such lustre). Charles Janet, in 1928, appears to have been the first to refer to the periodic table's blocks.

How many electrons are in neon?

The electron configuration for neon, for example, is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6. With an atomic number of ten, neon has two electrons in the first shell, and eight electrons in the second shell; there are two electrons in the s subshell and six in the p subshell. In periodic table terms, the first time an electron occupies a new shell corresponds to ...

What are the columns of periodic table called?

The seven rows of the table, called periods, generally have metals on the left and nonmetals on the right. The columns, called groups , contain elements with similar chemical behaviours.

How many categories are there in the periodic table?

The elements of the periodic table shown here are divided into nine categories; six for the metals, and two for nonmetals, and a metalloid category. The nine categories (or sets) correspond to those found in the literature for the applicable part of the periodic table. Different authors may use different categorisation schema depending on the properties of interest.

What is the Periodic Table?

The periodic table is an arrangement of all the elements known to man in accordance with their increasing atomic number and recurring chemical properties. They are assorted in a tabular arrangement wherein a row is a period and a column is a group.

What is the difference between the modern periodic law and the Mendeleev periodic table?

Mendeleev modeled his periodic table on the basis of increasing atomic mass, whereas, the modern periodic law is based on the increasing order of atomic numbers. Even though Mendeleev’s periodic table was based on atomic weight, he was able to predict the discovery and properties of certain elements. During his time only around half of the elements ...

How many elements are naturally occurring in the periodic table?

Therefore, as the energy level of the atom increases, the number of energy sub-levels per energy level increases. The first 94 elements of the periodic table are naturally occurring, while the rest from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.

How are elements arranged in order?

Elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in the order of their increasing atomic numbers. Thus,

When was Mendeleev's periodic table published?

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was published in the German Journal of chemistry in 1869 .

When was iodine discovered?

Iodine was discovered by Bernard Courtois in 1811.

What are the rows of lanthanoid and actinoid?

These rows contain elements in the lanthanoid and actinoid series, usually from 57 to 71 ( lanthanum to lutetium) and 89 to 103 ( actinium to lawrencium ), respectively. There is no scientific reason for this. It is merely done to make the table more compact.

What is the atomic number of an element?

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element . Hydrogen has 1 proton, and oganesson has ...

What is the periodic table?

periodic table, in full periodic table of the elements, in chemistry, the organized array of all the chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number —i.e., the total number of protons in the atomic nucleus. When the chemical elements are thus arranged, there is a recurring pattern called the “periodic law” in their properties, ...

What elements are triads?

Döbereiner in 1817 showed that the combining weight, meaning atomic weight, of strontium lies midway between those of calcium and barium, and some years later he showed that other such “ triads ” exist (chlorine, bromine, and iodine [halogens] and lithium, sodium, and potassium [alkali metals]). J.-B.-A. Dumas, L. Gmelin, E. Lenssen, Max von Pettenkofer, and J.P. Cooke expanded Döbereiner’s suggestions between 1827 and 1858 by showing that similar relationships extended further than the triads of elements, fluorine being added to the halogens and magnesium to the alkaline-earth metals, while oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium were classed as one family and nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth as another family of elements.

Why do the elements in the periodic table have different orbits?

The arrangement of the elements in the periodic table comes from the electronic configuration of the elements. Because of the Pauli exclusion principle, no more than two electrons can fill the same orbital. The first row of the periodic table consists of just two elements, hydrogen and helium. As atoms have more electrons, they have more orbits available to fill, and thus the rows contain more elements farther down in the table.

How many protons does hydrogen have?

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Hydrogen has 1 proton, and oganesson has 118.

What are the elements that are related to the first seven?

Newlands proposed classifying the elements in the order of increasing atomic weights, the elements being assigned ordinal numbers from unity upward and divided into seven groups having properties closely related to the first seven of the elements then known: hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen . This relationship was termed the law of octaves, by analogy with the seven intervals of the musical scale.

What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are known as Periods.

Why is period 1 the shortest period?

Period 1 of the periodic table is given the name shortest period because there are only two elements in period 1.

Why are period 4 and period 5 called long periods?

Period 4 and period 5 are given the name long periods of the periodic table because there are 18 elements in these periods. The elements of the long periods are shown in tables below.

How many periods are there in 2021?

Periods in Periodic table: The periods are the horizontal rows on a Periodic table. There are 7 horizontal rows on Periodic table. Hence there are total 7 periods on the Periodic table.

Why is period 2 called a short period?

Period 2 and period 3 of the periodic table are named as the short period because there are 8 elements in these periods.

Which period has the longest period?

Period 6 and 7: Longest period. Period 5 and period 6 are named as longest periods of the periodic table because there are 32 elements in these periods. The elements of the longest periods are shown in tables below.

How many energy shells does period 2 have?

All the elements of period 2 have two energy shells (or orbits).

What are the three oxides of yttrium?

In 1843, Carl Mosander investigated yttrium oxide more thoroughly and found that it consisted of three oxides: yttrium oxide, which was white; terbium oxide, which was yellow; and erbium oxide, which was rose-coloured. Glossary. Atomic radius, non-bonded.

Why is yttrium called earth?

It was called an’ earth’ because it was yttrium oxide, Y 2 O 3, which could not be reduced further by heating with charcoal. The metal itself was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler and made by reacting yttrium chloride with potassium. Yet, yttrium was still hiding other elements.

What is yttrium used for?

Yttrium is often used as an additive in alloys. It increases the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys. It is also used in the making of microwave filters for radar and has been used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.

What element is used to provide the red colour for early colour television screens?

Image explanation. The radar reflects the use of yttrium in radar technology. The element also used to provide the red colour for early colour television screens, and this is the reason for the background which echoes the Warner Bros.

What is YAG used for?

Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) is used in lasers that can cut through metals. It is also used in white LED lights. Yttrium oxide is added to the glass used to make camera lenses to make them heat and shock resistant. It is also used to make superconductors.

What is the radioactive isotope used for?

The radioactive isotope yttrium-90 has medical uses. It can be used to treat some cancers, such as liver cancer.

What is density in chemistry?

Density (g cm −3) Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. Relative atomic mass. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Overview

Characteristics

History

Occurrence

Applications

Precautions

Bibliography

External links